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Metabolism is the body’s process of using food for energy and growth. The body converts proteins, carbohydrates and fats into energy to perform its functions. It uses energy even at rest but burns more calories during activity. The thyroid gland plays a key role in regulating metabolism.

The body’s primary source of energy is a simple sugar called glucose. The hormone insulin helps the cells use this fuel. With diabetes, the body either cannot produce enough insulin or loses its sensitivity to insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia.

Disorders of metabolism include diabetes, obesity, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Understanding the basics of metabolism can help patients manage their condition.